What is Electrical Power and Energy [Audio Physics for Beginners]
Electrical power is electrical energy per second. Read below how power, energy, voltage, current, resistance are linked.
Electrical energy and thermal energy
In an electrical devices the energy is converted to other types of energy: mechanical, light, other. Rest part (or most of part for many kinds of electronic devices) of the electrical energy is converted to thermal energy via resistance.
Electrical energy in many cases converted to thermal one
When we reviewed voltage we discuss that voltage is potential, that can cause movement of charged particles (electrons).
- When charged particles under voltage, they have potential energy.
- When no voltage, the particles have no electrical energy.
- When the particles moves under voltage, they have kinetic energy (energy of movement).
Electrical energy and magnetic energy
Electric energy that moves across wire generate the magnetic energy.
But the electric energy will consumed, if closed wire loop, placed in the magnetic field. As example, metal ring is placed about this wire.
Electrical energy converted to magnetic energy
Current in the ring flow inside the metal ring and energy is consumed from the electric wire via magnetic field.
Consuming the electrical energy (and current respectively) in the electric wire is increased. More current - more energy is lost at the electric wire for heat.
Graphical presentation of electrical energy
Energy of audio signal is considered as square of signal shape.
Graphical presentation of electrical energy
Electrical power and energy formula
Power is called as P.
Energy is called as E.
Power is the energy per second.
P = E / t, where
t is time.
Power is calculated several ways:
P = U * I
P = U2 / R
P = I2 * R,
where
U is voltage,
I is current,
R is resistance.
Electrical power types
DIN POWER is value of sine power:
- on frequency 1000 Hz
- during 10 minutes and
- non-linear distortions (THD) at audio unit output lesser 1%.
RMS (Rated Maximum Sinusoidal) is maximal sine audio power, when audio unit is capable to work:
- on frequency 1000 Hz and
- during 1 hour and
- without damage.
PMPO (Peak Music Power Output) is maximal sine audio power, when audio unit is capable to work:
- on frequency lesser 250 Hz (as rule, 100 Hz) and
- during 1 second and
- without damage.
DIN POWER < RMS < PMPO
Audiophile Inventory's developer
References
- Подробная расшифровка некоторых характеристик акустики
- Особенности стандартов, описывающих мощность в звукотехнике
To be continued...
< Read about electrical resistance